![]() ![]() More studies are needed on the benefits of various treatments for obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia.ġ. Standardized cognitive assessments and larger, long-term controlled prospective studies with diverse populations are needed to further elucidate the cognitive impairments associated with chronic insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. The impact of obstructive sleep apnea treatment, particularly with continuous positive airway pressure, appears to mitigate and slow the rate of cognitive decline but more randomized controlled studies are needed. Untreated obstructive sleep apnea may have a significant impact on the progression of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s dementia. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with impairments in attention, concentration, memory, and executive function with apnea severity as measured by the apnea hypopnea index and severity of nocturnal hypoxemia being the largest risk factors. Benzodiazepine use is associated with cognitive impairment. Nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists improve insomnia without causing cognitive impairment. Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia may improve cognitive function but more studies are needed. Hyperarousal and short sleep time associated with insomnia are risk factors for cognitive impairment. Mood and anxiety disorders may moderate the effects of insomnia on cognitive function. Chronic insomnia may have a moderating role in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s dementia. Recent studies indicate that insomnia is associated with impairments in attention, memory, and executive function. ![]() This paper reviews the recent studies investigating the cognitive effects of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea as well as the potential benefits of treatment. Cognitive function has been extensively studied in relation to chronic insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. ![]() Both sleep disorders can adversely affect physical and mental well-being. ![]() Obstructive sleep apnea and chronic insomnia are the most common sleep disorders in adults. Orff enjoys travel, wine tasting, photography, and music.įor more information, see Behavioral and Mental Health and Sleep Medicine.Purpose of Review. He earned his doctorate from the San Diego State/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology. Orff completed his postdoctoral fellowship training in psychology at the VA San Diego Healthcare System and UC San Diego School of Medicine and his internship at Brown University Medical School. Orff's research focuses on evaluating the impact of chronic sleep disturbance on neurocognitive and neurophysiologic functioning, and the potential benefits of treatment for sleep disturbance on health and quality of life.ĭr. Orff currently is a research psychologist at the VA San Diego Healthcare System. In addition to his position in the Sleep Medicine Clinic, Dr. He also works with patients who are prescribed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for sleep apnea to help them to better tolerate use of their breathing equipment at night. Orff may recommend use of device-based treatments, such as bright light boxes, to help individuals sleep better. His practice includes Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), which focuses on eliminating habits, behaviors, and environmental disruptions that impair sleep. As part of UC San Diego Health's Sleep Medicine Center, he evaluates and treats sleep disorders by addressing problematic behavioral, psychological, and/or physiological factors that interfere with sleep. Orff, PhD, is a licensed clinical psychologist whose expertise is in behavioral sleep medicine. ![]()
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